linux查看硬件信息
一、查看cpu
lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息.
blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu
Architecture: i686 #cpu架構(gòu)
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian #小尾序
CPU(s): 4 #總共有4核
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 1 #每個(gè)cpu核，只能支持一個(gè)線程，即不支持超線程
Core(s) per socket: 4 #每個(gè)cpu，有4個(gè)核
Socket(s): 1 #總共有1一個(gè)cpu
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu產(chǎn)商 intel
CPU family: 6
Model: 42
Stepping: 7
CPU MHz: 1600.000
BogoMIPS: 5986.12
Virtualization: VT-x #支持cpu虛擬化技術(shù)
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 6144K
查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每個(gè)cpu信息，如每個(gè)CPU的型號(hào)，主頻等。
#cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 42
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz
.....
上面輸出的是個(gè)cpu部分信息，還有3個(gè)cpu信息省略了。linux命令
二、查看內(nèi)存情況
free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404
-/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691
Swap: 9536 31 9505
這里的單位是MB，總共的內(nèi)存是3926MB。
查看內(nèi)存詳細(xì)使用
# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 4020868 kB
MemFree: 230884 kB
Buffers: 7600 kB
Cached: 454772 kB
SwapCached: 836 kB
.....
三、查看內(nèi)存硬件信息
dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
....
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
....
Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
....
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0008
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
.....
我的主板有4個(gè)槽位，只用了一個(gè)槽位，上面插了一條4096MB的內(nèi)存。
四、查看硬盤(pán)和分區(qū)分布
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
├—sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├—sda2 8:2 0 9.3G 0 part [SWAP]
├—sda3 8:3 0 74.5G 0 part /
├—sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
├—sda5 8:5 0 111.8G 0 part /home
└—sda6 8:6 0 269.2G 0 part
五、如果要看硬盤(pán)和分區(qū)的詳細(xì)信息
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00023728
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 Linux
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/linux-rootmkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/linux-homemkswap /dev/mapper/linux-swapmount /dev/mapper/linux-root /mnt #掛載rootmkdir /mnt/home #建立home掛載點(diǎn)mount /dev/mapper/linux-home /mnt/home #掛載homemkdir /mnt/boot #建立boot掛載點(diǎn)mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot #掛載bootswapon /dev/mapper/linux-swap #激活交換分區(qū)。
通常情況下，linux首先使用/dev/sda2交換分區(qū)，然后是/dev/sdb2，依次類(lèi)推，直到獲得足夠的交換空間。
通 常情況下，linux首先使用/dev/sda2交換分區(qū)，然后是/dev/sdb2，依次類(lèi)推，直到獲得足夠的交換空間。
for pivot overlay you can either use an empty new rootfs or copy the contents of the current overlay (jffs2) to the new rootfs (assuming the filesystem for the new external rootfs is mounted on /mnt/sda2 (swap=/dev/sda1)):。
/dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 Linux
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1〉 使用root用戶在dev/mapper/volgroup00-logvol00修改或者創(chuàng)建文件時(shí)報(bào)linux error: 30: read-only file system.。
activestate.perl.dev.kit.pro.v9.0.1.293382.for.linux.x64-bean\。
/dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 Linux
六、查看網(wǎng)卡硬件信息
# lspci | grep -i 'eth'
(ii) pci: 00:00:0: chip 8086,2560 card 8086,2560 rev 03 class 06,00,00 hdr 00。
(ii) pci: 01:00:0: chip 1317,0985 card 1113,1216 rev 11 class 02,00,00 hdr 00。
00:00.0(主橋）--00:01.0(pci橋）-----01:00:0(nvidia顯卡）。
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七、查看系統(tǒng)的所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口
# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:以太網(wǎng) 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f
.....
lo Link encap:本地環(huán)回
.....
或者是
ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
如果要查看某個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的詳細(xì)信息，例如eth0的詳細(xì)參數(shù)和指標(biāo)
# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
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100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半雙工，全雙工模式
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自適應(yīng)模式，一般都支持
supported link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full。
advertised link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full。
supported link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full。
advertised link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full。
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默認(rèn)使用自適應(yīng)模式
Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
.....
Speed: 100Mb/s #現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)卡的速度是100Mb,網(wǎng)卡使用自適應(yīng)模式，所以推測(cè)路由是100Mb，導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)卡從支 持千兆，變成要支持百兆
Duplex: Full #全雙工
.....
Link detected: yes #表示有網(wǎng)線連接，和路由是通的
八、查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。
Lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #顯卡
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #聲卡
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 isa bridge: intel corporation 82801cam isa bridge (lpc) (rev 02)。
00:1f.5 multimedia audio controller:intel corporation 82801ca/cam ac'97 audio controller (rev 02)。
00:1f.0 isa bridge: intel corporation 82801db/dbl (ich4/ich4-l) lpc interface bridge (rev 02)。
00:1f.0 isa bridge: intel corporation 82801ir (ich9r) lpc interface controller (rev 02)。
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤(pán)接口
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)
新裝機(jī)的用戶不用思索ide配備了，硬盤(pán)與光驅(qū)都有sata版本，能提供更高的功用。
00:1f.2 ide interface: intel corporation 82801ir/io/ih (ich9r/do/dh) 4 port sata ide controller (rev 02)。
00:1f.5 ide interface: intel corporation 82801i (ich9 family) 2 port sata ide controller (rev 02)。
2通常采用scsi接口硬盤(pán)，也有采用sata串行接口的。
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #網(wǎng)卡
03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)
如果要更詳細(xì)的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv
如果要看設(shè)備樹(shù):lscpi –t
九、查看bios信息
# dmidecode -t bios
......
BIOS Information
Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
Version: 4.6.5
Release Date: 04/25/2012
.......
BIOS Revision: 4.6
......
dmidecode以一種可讀的方式dump出機(jī)器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。這些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到當(dāng)前的配置，也可以得到系統(tǒng)支持的配置，比如說(shuō)支持的內(nèi)存數(shù)等。
十、如果要查看所有有用信息
dmidecode –q
以上是linux查看硬件信息的所有命令，可以查看CPU、硬盤(pán)、網(wǎng)卡、磁盤(pán)等硬件的信息。
