命令縮寫：
pwd:print work directory 打印當(dāng)前目錄 顯示出當(dāng)前工作目錄的絕對(duì)路徑
 ps: process status(進(jìn)程狀態(tài)，類似于windows的任務(wù)管理器) 
常用參數(shù)：－auxf 
 ps -auxf 顯示進(jìn)程狀態(tài)
 df: disk free 其功能是顯示磁盤可用空間數(shù)目信息及空間結(jié)點(diǎn)信息。換句話說，就是報(bào)告在任何安裝的設(shè)備或目錄中，還剩多少自由的空間。
du: Disk usage 
rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的發(fā)明之一 
rmdir：Remove Directory（刪除目錄）
 rm：Remove（刪除目錄或文件）
 cat: concatenate 連鎖
 cat file1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的內(nèi)容聯(lián)合起來放到file3中
 insmod: install module,載入模塊
ln -s : link -soft 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)軟鏈接，相當(dāng)于創(chuàng)建一個(gè)快捷方式
mkdir：Make Directory(創(chuàng)建目錄)
touch 
 man: Manual 
su：Swith user(切換用戶)
cd：Change directory  
ls：List files  
ps：Process Status  
mkdir：Make directory  
rmdir：Remove directory  
mkfs: Make file system  
fsck：File system check  
uname: Unix name 
lsmod: List modules 
mv: Move file 
rm: Remove file 
cp: Copy file 
ln: Link files 
fg: Foreground 
bg: Background 
chown: Change owner 
chgrp: Change group
chmod: Change mode  
umount: Unmount 
dd: 本來應(yīng)根據(jù)其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名為“cc”，但“cc”已經(jīng)被用以代表“CComplier”，所以命名為“dd”
tar：Tape archive （磁帶檔案）
ldd：List dynamic dependencies  
insmod：Install module  
rmmod：Remove module  
lsmod：List module 
文件結(jié)尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration 
Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目錄下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；
nn（執(zhí)行順序號(hào)）；xxx（服務(wù)標(biāo)識(shí)）
.a（擴(kuò)展名a）：Archive，static library  
.so（擴(kuò)展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library  
.o（擴(kuò)展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file  
RPM：Red hat package manager  
dpkg：Debian package manager 
apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的發(fā)行版中提供）
部分Linux命令縮寫
bin = Binaries (二進(jìn)制文件)
/dev = Devices (設(shè)備)
/etc = Etcetera (等等)
/lib = LIBrary  
/proc = Processes 
/sbin = Superuser Binaries (超級(jí)用戶的二進(jìn)制文件)
/tmp = Temporary (臨時(shí))
/usr = Unix Shared Resources 
/var = Variable (變量) 
FIFO = First In, First Out 
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader 
IFS= Internal Field Seperators 
LILO = LInux LOader 
MySQL = My 是最初作者女兒的名字，
SQL = Structured QueryLanguage  
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor 
PS = Prompt String     
Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language"(實(shí)際的抽取和報(bào)告語言) ="Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister" 
Python 得名于電視劇Monty Python's Flying Circus 

Tcl = Tool Command Language  
Tk = ToolKit 
VT = Video Terminal 
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
apache = "a patchy" server 
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool 
ar = archiver 
as = assembler
awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan"三個(gè)作者的姓的第一個(gè)字母
bash = Bourne Again SHell 
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator 
bg = BackGround 
biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely養(yǎng)的一條狗,喜歡對(duì)郵遞員汪汪叫。
cal = Calendar (日歷)
cat = Catenate (鏈接)
cd = Change Directory 
chgrp = Change Group 
chmod = Change Mode 
chown = Change Owner 
chsh = Change Shell 
cmp = compare  
cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture 
comm = common 
cp = Copy 
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor 
cron = Chronos 希臘文時(shí)間
cups = Common Unix Printing System 
cvs = Current Version System 
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor 
dc = Desk Calculator 
dd = Disk Dump (磁盤轉(zhuǎn)儲(chǔ))
df = Disk Free 
diff = Difference 
dmesg = diagnostic message 
du = Disk Usage 
ed = editor 
egrep = Extended GREP 
elf = Extensible Linking Format 
elm = ELectronic Mail 
emacs = Editor MACroS 
eval = EVALuate 
ex = EXtended 
exec = EXECute (執(zhí)行)
fd = file descriptors 
fg = ForeGround
fgrep = Fixed GREP 
fmt = format 
fsck = File System ChecK 
fstab = FileSystem TABle 
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager 
gawk = GNU AWK 
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard 
groff = GNU troff 
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer 
joe = Joe's Own Editor 

ksh = Korn SHell 
lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder 

lex = LEXical analyser 
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses 
ln = Link
lpr = Line PRint 
ls = list 
lsof = LiSt Open Files 
m4 = Macro processor Version 4 
man = MANual pages 
mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK

mc = Midnight Commander 
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem 
mknod = Make Node 
motd = Message of The Day 
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa 
mtab = Mount TABle 
mv = Move 
nano = Nano's ANOther editor 

nawk = New AWK  
nl = Number of Lines 
nm = names 
nohup = No HangUP 
nroff = New ROFF 
od = Octal Dump 
passwd = Passwd
pg = pager 
pico = PIne's message COmposition editor 

pine = "Program for Internet News &Email" = "Pine is not Elm" 
ping = 擬聲 又 = Packet Internet Grouper 
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability 
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre 
printf = Print Formatted 
ps = Processes Status 
pty = pseudo tty 
pushd = PUSH Directory 
pwd = Print Working Directory 
rc = runcom = run command, rc還是plan9的shell 
rev = REVerse 
rm = ReMove  
rn = Read News 
roff = RunOFF 
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager 
rsh, rlogin, rvim中的
r = Remote 
rxvt = ouR XVT 
seamoneky = 我
sed = Stream Editor 
seq = SEQuence 
shar = Shell ARchive 
slrn = S-Lang rn 
ssh = Secure Shell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer 
stty = Set TTY 
su = Substitute User 
svn = SubVersion 
tar = Tape ARchive 
tcsh = TENEX C shell  
tee = T (T形水管接口) 
telnet = TEminaL over Network 
termcap = terminal capability 
terminfo = terminal information 
tex = τ?χνη的縮寫，希臘文art 
tr = traslate 
troff = Typesetter new ROFF 
tsort = Topological SORT 
tty = TeleTypewriter 
twm = Tom's Window Manager 

tz = TimeZone 
udev = Userspace DEV 
ulimit = User's LIMIT 

umask = User's MASK 

uniq = UNIQue
i = VIsual = Very Inconvenient 
vim = Vi IMproved 
wall = write all 
wc = Word Count   
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator 
xargs = eXtended ARGuments 
xdm = X Display Manager 
xlfd = X Logical Font Description 
xmms = X Multimedia System 
xrdb = X Resources DataBase 
xwd = X Window Dump 
yacc = yet another compiler compiler 
Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell 
su = Switch User 
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions 
ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation